On April 29, 1770, British Endeavor Park became the first European ship to reach the east coast of Australia after it landed in the Gulf of Bhutanese near modern Sydney. The ship was headed by Captain James Cook, a man who had been able to go around the world twice and explore Everything from the Bering Strait and the South Pacific Islands to the ice surrounding Antarctica.
James Cook's three trips helped fill many empty spots on the world's maps for Europeans, but his ill-treatment of the Hawaiian indigenous population eventually led to an unexpected death. Two hundred and forty years after James Cook landed in Australia, we come today with 10 surprising facts About the explorer who promised to sail whenever he could and from these facts:
1. James Cook joined the Royal Navy relatively late in his life:
James Cook worked on a Yorkshire farm in his youth before getting apprenticeship with a commercial sailing company at the age of 17. He spent the next decade rising in ranks and mastering the art of navigation. He was preparing to become a captain, but in 1755 his superiors were shocked because he had moved away from sailing He enlisted in the British Royal Navy as a joint navigator.
James Cook, 26, was much older than most recruits, but it did not take long for the Navy to recognize his talent. He was promoted to master of the ship in just two years and later became one of the most important men in British naval history.
2. James Cook was an expert in cartography:
James Cook first appeared as a cartographer during the seven-year war. His detailed sketches of the St. Lawrence helped Britain pull out a surprise attack against Quebec, which France controlled. In the early 1860s, a ship was given to James Cook and commissioned to plan the island of Newfoundland Coast of Canada, and the map he prepared was so accurate that it was still in use in the twentieth century.
James Cook's skill in drawing the seas later became a crucial tool in his discoveries, and he won his first trip around the world because he could trust him to navigate the unknown lands and return accurate maps of the land he had discovered.
3. The first trip to James Cook included a secret mission from the British government:
The career of James Cook began as a explorer in August 1768, when he left England aboard Endeavor Park with nearly 100 crew members, and their journey was ostensibly a scientific expedition, charged with sailing to Tahiti for a secret mission. In fact James Cook also had an agenda Hidden military.
James Cook took sealed orders to look for the "Great Southern Continent," an undiscovered landmine believed to be erupting somewhere near the bottom of the earth. James Cook sailed south to the 40th, but found no evidence of the continent. Then headed west and circled to New Zealand, proving that it was a pair of islands and not connected to a larger ground basin.
4. James Cook's ship Endeavor almost sank on the Great Barrier Reef:
After James Cook landed in Australia during his first trip, James Cook pointed his ship north and headed for the Dutch port of Batavia. Because he was in an undetermined area, he had no idea he was sailing directly to the barbed coral reefs of the Great Barrier Reef. 1770, his ship Endeavor clashed in the coral reefs and began to drown, offering both its crew and its invaluable maps of Pacific discoveries to danger.
James Cook's men pumped water from the ship and dropped cannons and other equipment on board to dilute the ship. They even used the old sail to try to fill a hole in the ship's hull. After more than 20 hours, they finally stopped the leak and headed for the Australian coast. Of James Cook nearly two months to make repairs to make his ship sail again.
5. James Cook helped introduce new methods to stop scurvy:
In the 18th century, the specter of scurvy was haunting many, a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency, which spread on every long-distance voyage. However, James Cook managed to keep his three missions free of scurvy, partly because of his obsession with The purchase of fresh food at each plant hinges out, and the secret to getting rid of the disease is pickled cabbage.
While James Cook did not know the cure or cause of scurvy, he also did not know that the cabbage pickle rich in nutrients that maintain the disease, James Cook brought several tons of it on his trips, but the only problem is the crew who refused to eat, The chiefs of recruits take it and once they see the recruits they ask for some for themselves.
British explorer James Cook
6. Even Britain's enemies respected James Cook:
While James Cook's travels were at a time when Britain was at war with the United States, Spain and France, his reputation as a leading writer and explorer allowed him to travel anywhere and with comparative immunity. In July 1772, a squadron of Spanish ships, briefly detained his ships and fired They released them after they realized that James Cook was the leader. Similarly, Benjamin Franklin wrote a memorandum to the colonial ship captains where they encountered James Cook's ships at sea calling him to cross during the American Revolution.
7. James Cook explored the Northwest Passage:
In 1776, the 47-year-old James Cook sailed on his third voyage of discovery, this time searching for a remote Northwest Passage in the Arctic, and after traveling halfway around the world, he led the ships to explore dangerously on the coast Upper West of Canada and Alaska, James Cook already came 50 miles from the western entrance of the corridor, but his attempts to locate him were ultimately thwarted by freezing weather, violent currents and heavy snow buoys in the Bering Sea.
8. Indigenous people took it by mistake to their gods when it fell in the Hawaiian Islands:
During James Cook's third trip, he became the first European to set foot on Hawaii, dubbed the "Sandwich Islands" and Hawaii celebrated the Bay of Kayalakikwa with the landing of James Cook in January 1779 with many happy celebrations, and for good reason may be a stranger coincidence, Coincided with an annual festival honoring the fertility family in Hawaii.
Since the indigenous people never saw the white men or the large sailing ships, they assumed that James Cook was their god and gave him many gifts. The Europeans responded by stripping Kayalakikwa of food and supplies, but when a James Cook sailor died of a stroke, The original that the Europeans are not born after all, and since then, James Cook's relationship with the people of Hawaii has become more tense.
9. James Cook suffered from heinous death:
While Rossi James Cook for some reforms in Hawaii in February 1779, the wrath of a group of citizens stole a ship from one of his boats, and her time went to the beach and tried to take their king as a hostage, but the indigenous people feared that their leader was killed and they fought to help him. , Until a warrior from Hawaii stabbed James Cook with the knife in the back and James Cook fell into the waves, stabbed repeatedly and beaten with rocks, and after he died, the native Hawaiian people prepared a ritual worthy of his body as if he were a king and kept his hands in the salt of the sea.
10. NASA has named a spaceship named after its ship:
James Cook has explored and mapped more than any navigator of his time, and for his achievements later NASA saw him as a worthy hero. The Andaveur, the ship James Cook, was one of many historic ships that inspired the name of the third space shuttle, Later, the final shuttle "Andafor" When Shuttle Discovery made final space trips in 2011, its crew took a special medal by the Royal Society in honor of what James Cook did.
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